In a significant move to tackle air pollution, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has issued a new directive. This order mandates the use of paddy straw-based biomass pellets and briquettes in brick kilns located outside the National Capital Region (NCR) of India, specifically in Punjab and Haryana. The goal is to reduce the harmful practice of open stubble burning, which worsens air quality in the NCR.
The CAQM’s directive, released recently, aims to phase in the use of these biomass fuels starting from November 1, 2025. Initially, brick kilns are required to use 20% of this biomass fuel, increasing to 50% by November 1, 2028. This gradual increase is part of a larger strategy to eliminate the burning of crop residues, which has become a critical environmental issue.
Stubble burning is particularly prevalent in Punjab and Haryana during the post-harvest season. Farmers often resort to burning paddy straw to quickly clear fields for the next crop. This practice contributes significantly to the alarming rise in air pollution levels, especially in October and November, which affects millions of people in the NCR.
The new directive is part of the government’s broader efforts to promote clean and sustainable fuel alternatives. By encouraging the use of biomass pellets, the CAQM hopes to provide a viable solution for managing paddy straw while supporting the industrial sector’s fuel needs.
Currently, Punjab generates around 190 lakh tonnes of paddy straw each year, mostly from its vast rice cultivation. Sadly, a large portion of this biomass ends up being burned, releasing harmful pollutants into the air. The CAQM’s directive is a response to this ongoing issue, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices in both agriculture and industry.
To ensure compliance with this new order, both Punjab and Haryana have been directed to monitor the implementation closely. They must report their progress to the CAQM each month. This will help ensure that brick kilns begin transitioning to the mandated use of biomass fuel.
However, challenges remain. Many brick kiln owners in Punjab are concerned about the availability of biomass pellets. Currently, there are about 2,800 brick kilns in Punjab, and owners have reported difficulties in sourcing enough pellets to meet the initial 20% target. They are calling for government support to stabilize prices and ensure quality.
In response to these challenges, the Punjab government has allocated ₹80 crore to subsidize machinery for in-situ stubble management. Additionally, they have set aside ₹300 crore for ex-situ efforts, which include establishing new pellet manufacturing units. At present, only 16 pellet plants operate in Punjab, which is not enough to meet the growing demand.
The Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB) is working to expand pellet production to meet the requirements of both brick kilns and thermal power plants. With proper support and infrastructure, the use of paddy straw as fuel can become a sustainable practice that benefits both the environment and local economies.
The CAQM’s directive is not only a crucial step in reducing pollution but also aligns with India’s commitment to addressing climate change. By transforming agricultural waste into a productive resource, this initiative promotes a cleaner future for all.
In conclusion, the mandatory use of paddy straw-based biomass fuel in brick kilns represents a significant shift towards sustainable practices. It aims to combat air pollution while offering a productive solution for agricultural waste. As Punjab and Haryana work to implement this directive, it is essential for all stakeholders to collaborate and find innovative ways to support this transition.