Sindoor, also known as Annatto, is a plant that offers a sustainable income for farmers. It is valued for its vibrant orange-red pigment, which is used in food, cosmetics, and medicine. This eco-friendly crop requires low investment and has a growing demand in both national and international markets.
The plant, scientifically named Bixa orellana, is cultivated primarily for its seeds. These seeds contain a natural dye called Bixin. Annatto dye is mainly used in the dairy industry for coloring butter, cheese, and ghee. It is also used in the dyeing of textiles and in cosmetics. In India, it is traditionally used to make Sindoor, a cosmetic worn by married women.
Farmers cultivating Sindoor can benefit greatly. The seeds are in high demand, with prices reaching around Rs. 70 per kg. After three years, farmers can expect a net return of Rs. 90,000 per hectare. The plant has an economic life of 20 to 25 years, making it a long-term investment.
Sindoor is suitable for tropical climates with temperatures between 28 to 44 degrees Celsius and an annual rainfall of 800 to 1500 mm. It thrives in well-drained soils with a pH of 6 to 7.5. Farmers prepare the land by ploughing and digging pits for planting in early March. The seeds can be planted during the monsoon season, and proper irrigation is necessary for optimal growth.
The plant requires care, such as weeding and pruning. Pruning helps increase yield, as it encourages new growth. Farmers should also apply fertilizers according to the plant’s needs. From the third year onwards, the yield stabilizes, with up to 5 tonnes per hectare.
Recently, scientists at Bihar Agricultural University developed a natural Sindoor alternative made from Annatto. This product aims to replace synthetic Sindoor, which often contains harmful chemicals. The initiative, supported by the Bihar government, seeks to create a safer cosmetic option while boosting local farmers’ income.
The natural Sindoor has the potential to create new economic opportunities for women-led enterprises and small businesses in Bihar. The research highlights the importance of sustainable agriculture and the benefits of plant-based alternatives in the cosmetic industry.
In conclusion, Sindoor farming not only offers a sustainable source of income for farmers but also promotes health and environmental sustainability. As the demand for natural products grows, this ancient crop could play a key role in rural prosperity in India.