Sesame cultivation is thriving in Kerala and Karnataka due to region-specific varieties and scientific farming practices. Farmers in these states are adopting improved techniques that can significantly boost their yields, enhance oil quality, and increase their income sustainably. This is vital as the demand for high-quality sesame continues to rise both domestically and globally.
In Kerala and Karnataka, farmers are encouraged to grow high-yield sesame varieties that are suited to their local climates. These varieties are known for their drought resistance and ability to thrive in less-than-ideal conditions. For instance, some improved varieties can yield up to 850 kg per hectare, which is a considerable increase compared to traditional varieties.
To achieve these high yields, farmers should implement a variety of best practices. This includes proper land preparation, which is essential for healthy crop growth. Deep summer ploughing can improve soil aeration, while thorough harrowing helps to create a fine tilth that prevents waterlogging. It is also beneficial to incorporate well-decomposed farmyard manure into the soil before sowing to enrich its quality.
The ideal time for sowing sesame seeds is during the first fortnight of July, coinciding with the Kharif season. Farmers can choose between broadcasting seeds at a rate of 5 kg per hectare or using line sowing, which requires only 2.5 to 3 kg of seeds per hectare. The spacing should be optimized to 30 × 15 cm or 45 × 10 cm to promote healthy growth.
Fertilizer management is another crucial aspect of sesame farming. For irrigated conditions, farmers should apply 40 kg of nitrogen, 20 kg of phosphorus, and 20 kg of potassium per hectare. An additional sulfur supplement of 15-20 kg can enhance oil quality. Half of the nitrogen should be applied at sowing, with the rest added about 30-35 days later during the flower initiation stage.
Weed control is vital, especially in the first 40 days after sowing. Farmers should perform two rounds of hand weeding at 15-20 days and 30-35 days after sowing. Using a pre-emergence herbicide like Pendimethalin can effectively manage weeds while conserving soil moisture.
Irrigation practices also play a significant role in sesame cultivation. Although sesame is primarily rainfed, providing irrigation during the flowering and capsule formation stages can increase yields. However, care must be taken to avoid overwatering, as sesame is sensitive to excess moisture.
Pest and disease management is crucial for successful sesame farming. Key pests include leaf rollers, capsule borers, gall flies, and jassids. Common diseases that affect sesame crops include Phytophthora blight and powdery mildew. Farmers are advised to use disease-resistant varieties along with recommended fungicides and insecticides to maintain healthy crops.
Harvesting should occur when the bottom capsules turn lemon yellow and the leaves begin to droop. Timely harvesting is critical to prevent seed shattering, which can lead to loss of yield. After harvesting, plants should be dried properly before threshing to preserve seed quality and oil content.
In conclusion, sesame farming in Kerala and Karnataka offers promising opportunities for increased income. By adopting improved varieties and smart farming practices, farmers can significantly enhance their productivity and profitability. This not only contributes to their financial stability but also supports sustainable agriculture in the region. For more updates on agriculture, farmers can subscribe to newsletters and mobile apps that provide the latest news and information relevant to their practices.