Indian agriculture is facing discussions around the approval of new crop varieties, particularly herbicide-tolerant (HT) ones, and the use of pesticides. Following a directive from the Union Agriculture Minister, Shivraj Singh Chouhan, to suspend the licence of a pesticide manufacturer, experts are questioning the widespread approval of HT crops. These varieties, they argue, lead to increased herbicide use, which can harm soil quality. Many scientists believe there’s an imbalance, with numerous herbicides available but fewer HT crop varieties on the market. This situation encourages companies to develop HT varieties and promote related chemical sales. Sources indicate that researchers in agricultural institutes and universities are actively working on developing HT crop types. A notable example is the push to approve an HT version of the flood-tolerant ‘Swarna sub 1’ rice variety. However, some scientists disagree, stating that ‘Swarna sub 1’ is grown in waterlogged areas where weed problems are minimal, making HT varieties unnecessary. The Rajasthan government recently suspended the manufacturing licences of HPM Chemicals and Fertilisers. This action, directed by Minister Chouhan, followed reports that the company’s product, Chlorimuron Ethyl, damaged soybean crops in Madhya Pradesh. The suspension affects all manufacturing, sales, and distribution of the company’s insecticide products. Meanwhile, the government has not yet approved HTBt cotton, despite its illegal cultivation and seed multiplication occurring on a significant scale each year. Concerns about its toxicity remain a key issue. Experts highlight that herbicide usage contributes to soil toxicity, with potential long-term effects on humans, animals, and plants across generations. They also point out that HT varieties can disrupt natural agricultural systems and harm beneficial organisms. As India shifts towards natural farming, a careful and balanced approach to these technologies is crucial. Organisations like the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh have expressed strong opposition to herbicides and HT varieties in India. They believe weeds should be managed manually, not killed, as many beneficial and medicinal herbs also grow alongside them. Destroying these natural plants is seen as a loss of biodiversity. The debate highlights the need for careful consideration of crop technology and pesticide use to ensure sustainable and healthy agricultural practices in India.